Adherence to Antiretroviral Theraphy and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV in Surakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.Vol23.Iss3.1660Keywords:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, People Living with HIV, Adherence, Antiretroviral TherapyAbstract
The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents a major public health challenge due to its association with high mortality and morbidity rates. Infection HIV occurs when the virus attacks the body’s immune system at a cellular level. Without treatment, this can progress to the most advanced stage, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). For people living with HIV (PLWHIV), lifelong treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) medication is necessary. This continuing therapy works to reduce the amount of virus in the blood, lowering the risk of transmission, preventing secondary infections, and improving the patient's general life quality. The success and effectiveness of ARV therapy depends on PLWHIV adherence. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy decreases its effectiveness and increases viral replication. Therapy adherence indicates that the patient understands the value of receiving therapy and follows the instructions. Knowledge is an important role in therapy compliance. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the VCT Polyclinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital in Surakarta, between April and July 2024. The target population included all patients who received a positive HIV diagnosis. A total of 60 patients from this group were selected to participate using a purposive sampling strategy. Bivariate analysis was then used to investigate the relationship between variables, with the Spearmean Rank statistical test. The study result showed that 21 patients with poor level of knowledge had low compliance (92.9%), followed by patients with intermediate level of knowledge with moderate compliance 10 (60.0%), and patients with high level of knowledge with high compliance 29 (69.4%). A statistically significant, moderately strong positive relationship (r=0.572, p < 0.001) was found between patient knowledge and adherence to ARV therapy at the VCT polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. This suggests that PLWHIV who receive adequately informed patients are more likely to adhere to their treatment plans. Therefore, improving patient compliance requires implementing robust educational programs and conducting further research to uncover other influencing factors.
Downloads
References
Abadiga, M., Hasen, T., Mosisa, G., & Abdisa, E. (2020). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among Human immunodeficiency virus positive patients accessing treatment at Nekemte referral hospital, west Ethiopia, 2019. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232703
Afriana, N., Luhukay, L., Mulyani, P. S., Irmawati, Romauli, Pratono, Dewi, S. D., Budiarty, T. I., Hasby, R., Trisari, R., Hermana, Anggiani, D. S., Asmi, A. L., Lamanepa, E., Elittasari, C., Muzdalifah, E., Praptoraharjo, I., Theresia Puspoarum, & Devika. (2023). Laporan Tahunan HIV AIDS 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Amelia, M., Hadisaputro, S., Laksono, B., & Anies, A. (2016). Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian HIV/AIDS pada laki-laki umur 25-44 tahun di Kota Dili, Timor Leste. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 1(1), 39-46. Retrieved from: https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jekk/article/view/3960
Arisudhana, G. A. B., Sofro, M. A. U., & Sujianto, U. (2018). Antiretroviral Side Effects on Adherence in People Living with HIV/AIDS. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 8(2), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v8i2.20742
Debby, C., Sianturi, S. R., & Susilo, W. H. (2019). Factors Related to Compliance of ARV Medication in HIV Patients at RSCM Jakarta. Jurnal Keperawatan, 10(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.22219/jk.v10i1.5886
Fitriawan, A. S., Aulawi, K., & Haryani, H. (2019). Factors That Influence The Compliance Of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) ON HIV/AIDS Patients In Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Journal of Nursing Science Update (JNSU), 7(1), 33-44. Retrieved from: https://jik.ub.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/view/177
Hardianti, T., Wijaya, R. D., Veri, F., Tarigan, S.A., (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Kepatuhan Pengobatan Antiretroviral Pada ODHA: Studi Literatur. Nursing Analysis: Journal of Nursing Research, 3(1), 41–47. Retrieved from: https://openjournal.wdh.ac.id/index.php/NA/article/view/557
Hayatiningsih, A., Alam, A., & Sitorus, T. D. (2017). Hubungan Lamanya Terapi ARV dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Anak HIV di Klinik Teratai. Jurnal Sistem Kesehatan, 3(2), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsk.v3i2.15007
Ismail, I. A., Febriyanti, A., Alif, D., Namira, A., Wicaksono, S., Nadeak, R. S., ... & Ardhana, W. (2022). Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada remaja. International Journal of Academic Health and Medical Research (IJAHMR), 6(5), 46-51.
Izzah, Z., Suprapti, B., Asmarawati, T. P., Åberg, C., & Touw, D. J. (2024). Antiretroviral adherence and treatment outcomes among patients living with HIV at an Indonesian HIV clinic: a cross-sectional study. Pharmacy Practice, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2024.1.2898
Kusumaadhi, Z. M., Farhanah, N., & Udji Sofro, M. A. (2021). Risk Factors for Mortality among HIV/AIDS Patients. Diponegoro International Medical Journal, 2(1), 20–19. https://doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v2i1.9667
Lailiah, N., Nursalam, N., & Kurniawati, N. D. (2021). Relationship between Information Skills and Antiretroviral Adherence in People Living With HIV/AIDS. Fundamental and Management Nursing Journal, 4(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmnj.v4i1.25551
Latif, F., Maria, I. L., & Syafar, M. (2014). Efek Samping Obat terhadap Kepatuhan Pengobatan Antiretroviral Orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 9(2), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v9i2.495
Lestari, K. A. D., Somoyani, N. K., & Surati, I. G. A. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Antiretroviral (ARV) Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv)/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan (The Journal Of Midwifery), 6(2), 71-79. Retrieved from: https://ejournal.poltekkes-denpasar.ac.id/index.php/JIK/article/view/1059
Martiana, I., Waluyo, A., & Yona, S. (2019). Assessing the relationship between knowledge of antiretroviral therapy and stigma regarding adherence to ART among men who have sex with men. Enfermeria Clinica, 29, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.06.004
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Laporan Perkembangan HIV AIDS Dan Penyakit Menular Seksual Triwulan IV Tahun 2020 (Quarterly Report on HIV, AIDS, and Sexually-Transmitted Infections in Indonesia, 4th). Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Nursalam, N., Sukartini, T., Misutarno, M., & Priyantini, D. (2024). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, viral load and opportunistic infections in people with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study. Jurnal Ners, 19(1), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v19i1.49958
Putra, D. S., Atmadani, R. N., & Hidayati, I. R. (2021). Relationship between knowledge level of HIV/AIDS patient with antiretroviral adherence in primary healthcare service in Malang City. Journal of HIV/AIDS and Social Services, 20(3), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2021.1961651
Rahmawati, D. T., Fiya, D., & Rakizah, S. I. (2023). Human immunodeficiency virus. Inpatient Dermatology, 11(1), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18449-4_35
Ramadhani, H. O., Muiruri, C., Maro, V. P., Omondi, M., Mushi, J. B., Lirhunde, E. S., & Bartlett, J. A. (2016). Association of knowledge on ART line of treatment, scarcity of treatment options and adherence. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1483-6
Rifqian, N., & Mediana, D. (2024). Hiv/Aids Knowledge Improves Antiretroviral Drug Compliance. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Karya Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Trisakti, 9(November 2018), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v9i2.19312
Sari, A. M., Hidayati, I. R., & Atmadani, R. N. (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Efek Samping Obat ARV Pada Pasien ODHA terhadap Tingkat The Relationship between the level of Side Effect of ARV Drugs in ODHA Patient to the level of Compliance Use of ARV Drugs. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 6(2), 117–120.
Shrestha, S., Chataut, S., Kc, B., Acharya, K., Pradhan, S. K., & Shrestha, S. (2023). Knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Nepal. AIDS research and treatment, 2023(1), 7292115. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7292115
Soares, R. de C. A., de Brito, A. M., Lima, K., & Lapa, T. M. (2019). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northeastern Brazil: A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 137(6), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0212170919
Srikartika, V. M., Intannia, D., & Aulia, R. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Pasien HIV/AIDS Rawat Jalan dalam Pengobatan Terapi Antiretroviral (ART) di Rumah Sakit Dr.H.Moch.Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Jurnal Pharmascience, 6(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v6i1.6081
Sugiharti, S., Yuniar, Y., & Lestary, H. (2014). Gambaran kepatuhan orang dengan HIV-AIDS (Odha) dalam minum obat Arv di Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat, tahun 2011-2012. Indonesian Journal of Reproductive Health, 5(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v5i2.3888.113–123
Supriyatni, N., Salim, L. A., Hargono, A., & Febriyanti (2023). Antiretroviral medication adherence for people with HIV/AIDS. Journal of public health in Africa, 14(7), 2434. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2434
Surilena, S., & Valeria, J. (2015). Knowledge of HIV-AIDS a dominant factor of antiretroviral therapeutic adherence in women with HIV-AIDS. Universa Medicina, 34(2), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2015.v34.129-137
UNAIDS. (2025). Global AIDS Update. UNAIDS. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2025/ global-AIDS-update-2023
Vyavaharkar, M., Linda, M., Corwin, S., Saunders, R., Annang, L., & Tavakoli, A. (2010). Relationships between stigma, social support, and depression in HIV-infected African American women living in the rural Southeastern United States. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care, 21(2): 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2009.07.008
Wahyuningsih, D. S. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Kota Surakarta. Surakarta: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surakarta.
Waskito, I. B., Wardani, D. W. S. R., & Susianti, S. (2023). Pengetahuan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ODHA dalam menjalani terapi anti retro viral. Jurnal penelitian Perawat profesional, 5, 803-810.
WHO. (2023). HIV and AIDS. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
Wulandari, E. A., & Rukmi, D. K. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Kepatuhan Terapi ARV pada ODHA di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis Dan Komunitas, 5(3), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.49663
Yunita, E. P., Wardani, R. N. K., & Sidharta, B. (2023). Correlation between knowledge level, side effect severity, family support, and antiretroviral therapy adherence in HIV/AIDS patients in Greater Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Pharmacia, 70(4), 1213–1222. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e112645
Zahra, A. N., Waluyo, A., Yona, S., & Pakasi, T. A. (2024). Resilience in relation to adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: a qualitative study. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 11, 23333936241233449. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936241233449
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright notice
Ownership of copyright
The copyright in this website and the material on this website (including without limitation the text, computer code, artwork, photographs, images, music, audio material, video material and audio-visual material on this website) is owned by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN and its licensors.
Copyright license
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN grants to you a worldwide non-exclusive royalty-free revocable license to:
- view this website and the material on this website on a computer or mobile device via a web browser;
- copy and store this website and the material on this website in your web browser cache memory; and
- print pages from this website for your use.
- All articles published by JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved.
For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN prior written permission.
Permissions
You may request permission to use the copyright materials on this website by writing to [email protected].
Enforcement of copyright
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN takes the protection of its copyright very seriously.
If JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN discovers that you have used its copyright materials in contravention of the license above, JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN may bring legal proceedings against you seeking monetary damages and an injunction to stop you using those materials. You could also be ordered to pay legal costs.
If you become aware of any use of JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN copyright materials that contravenes or may contravene the license above, please report this by email to [email protected]
Infringing material
If you become aware of any material on the website that you believe infringes your or any other person's copyright, please report this by email to [email protected].
